Grade 2 ELA Arizona Standards

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Use collective nouns (e.g., group).

Form and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish).

Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves).

Form and use the past, present, and future tenses of frequently occurring regular and irregular verbs (e.g. sat, hit, and told).

Use adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be modified.

Use interjections (e.g., Yes! That is mine; Yes, that is mine!)

Produce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences using frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, yet, so).

Identify and use declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences.

With assistance, link sentences into a simple, cohesive paragraph that contains: a main idea, supporting details, and a conclusion.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Capitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names.

Use commas in greetings and closings of letters.

Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.

Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil).

Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Compare formal and informal uses of English.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).

Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).

Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf, notebook, bookmark).

Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., describe foods that are spicy or juicy).

Identify synonyms and antonyms to distinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely related adjectives (e.g., thin, slender, skinny, scrawny).

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using adjectives and adverbs to describe (e.g., When other kids are happy that makes me happy).

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding one-syllable or two-syllable words.

Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words.

Know spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams.

Identify and apply all six syllable types to decode appropriate grade-level text.

Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes.

Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences.

Recognize and read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.

Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

Read on-level text with purpose and understanding.

Read on-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression on successive readings.

Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.

Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.

By the end of the year, proficiently and independently read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in a text complexity range determined by qualitative and quantitative measures appropriate to grade two.

Identify and explain the main topic of a multi-paragraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text.

With prompting and support, describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic or subject area.

Know and use various text features (e.g., captions, bold print, subheadings, glossaries, indexes, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a text efficiently.

Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.

Explain how specific images (e.g., a diagram showing how a machine works) contribute to and clarify a text.

Describe how reasons support specific points the author makes in a text.

Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic.

Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.

By the end of the year, proficiently and independently read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry, in a text complexity range determined by qualitative and quantitative measures appropriate to grade 2.

Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.

Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.

Describe how words and phrases supply rhythm (e.g., regular beats, alliteration, rhymes, repeated lines) and meaning in a story, poem, or song.

Describe the overall structure of a story, including how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action.

Acknowledge differences in the points of view of characters, including by speaking in a different voice for each character when reading dialogue aloud.

Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.

(Not applicable to literature)

Compare and contrast the characters and settings from two or more versions of the same story by different authors or from different cultures.

Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion).

Build on others' talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others.

Ask for clarification and further explanation as needed about the topics and texts under discussion.

Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.

Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to clarify comprehension, gather additional information, or deepen understanding of a topic or issue.

Tell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking audibly in coherent sentences.

Create audio recordings of stories or poems; add drawings or other visual displays to stories or recounts of experiences when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification.

Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

(Begins in grade 3)

Write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Write narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events; include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings; use temporal words to signal event order and provide a sense of closure.

With guidance and support from adults, produce writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task and purpose. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1–3 above).

With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

(Begins in grade 4)

Demonstrate and apply handwriting skills.

Write legibly in manuscript using correct letter formation.

Transcribe ideas in manuscript with automaticity and proper spacing.

Demonstrate and apply sound-letter concepts.

Write the most common graphemes (letters or letter groups) for each phoneme. For example:

Consonants: /s/ = s, ss, ce, ci, cy /f/ = f, ff, ph /k/ = c, k, ck

Vowels: /o/ = o, o_e, oa, ow (long o) /a/ = a, a_e, ai, ay, eigh (long a) Spelling

Know and apply phonics and word analysis skills when encoding words.

Spell on-level, regular, single-syllable words that include:

Position-based patterns (e.g., ch, -tch; k, -ck; -ge, -dge).

Complex consonant blends (e.g., scr, str, squ).

Less common vowel teams for long vowels (e.g., ow, oo, au, ou, ue).

Vowel-r combinations (e.g., turn, star, third, four, for).

Contractions (e.g., we'll, I'm, they've, don't).

Homophones (e.g., bear, bare; past, passed).

Plurals and possessives (e.g., its, it's).

With prompting and support, spell two- and three-syllable words that:

Combine closed, open, vowel teams, vowel-r, and CVe (Consonant-Vowel-silent e) syllables (e.g., compete, robot, violet, understand).

Include familiar compound words (e.g., houseboat, yellowtail).

Include the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes (e.g., un-, re-, en-, -ful, -ment, -less).

With prompting and support, spell words with suffixes that require:

Consonant doubling (e.g., running, slipped).

Dropping silent e (e.g., smiled, paving).

Changing y to i (e.g., cried, babies).

Spell grade-level appropriate words in English, as found in a research-based list, including:

Irregular words (e.g., against, many, enough, does).

Pattern-based words (e.g., which, kind, have).

Sound-letter basics and Handwriting

Comprehension and Collaboration

Text Key Ideas and Details

Key Ideas and Details

Reading Standards: Foundational Skills

Phonics and Word Recognition

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Writing Standards: Foundational Skills

Reading Standards for Literature

Craft and Structure

Knowledge of Language

Production and Distribution of Writing

Integration of Knowledge and Ideas

Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Speaking and Listening Standards

Conventions of Standard English

Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas

Writing Standards

Text Types and Purposes

Range of Writing

Reading Standards for Informational

Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity

Craft and Structure

Fluency

Language Standards

Construct meaning from oral presentations and literary and informational text through grade appropriate listening, reading, and viewing.

Ask and answer questions about key details that support the main idea by using evidence from a text.

Explain the central idea, lesson, and moral using key details.

Explain how key details support the main idea or message.

Recount a variety of texts using key details.

Identify and describe similarities and differences between two texts.

Make accurate use of standard English to communicate in grade appropriate speech and writing.

using grade appropriate singular and plural nouns.

using a variety of prepositional phrases (e.g. ,toward the playground) to provide detail (e.g., time, manner, place, cause).

using frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so, because).

using appropriate word order (subject-verb-object) in declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences.

using grade appropriate common and proper nouns with appropriate determiners (e.g., articles and demonstratives).

using possessives with grade appropriate nouns. (e.g., That is Mary’s backpack.).

using personal (subject and object), possessive, and indefinite pronouns.

using verbs in the past progressive.

using grade appropriate verbs in the simple present and simple past, including irregular past forms (e.g., drank, sat, wrote).

using gradeappropriate verbs in the future with “going to” and “will”.

applying subjectverb agreement using grade-appropriate nouns and verbs.

using a variety of frequently occurring adjectives (i.e., descriptive, possessive, demonstrative).

Determine the meaning of words and phrases in oral presentations and literary and informational text

Determine the meaning of less frequently occurring words and phrases and content specific words.

Determine the meaning of idiomatic expressions and figurative language (e.g. metaphors, similes, adages, and proverbs) in texts about a variety of topics, experiences, or events.

Apply context clues, information from visual aids, reference materials, and knowledge of grade-appropriate English morphology to determine meaning of unknown words.

Speak and write about grade appropriate complex literary and informational texts and topics.

deliver oral presentations that include details and examples to develop a topic.

compose written narratives using appropriate conventions that include details and examples to develop a topic.

compose informational texts that include details and examples to develop a topic while using appropriate conventions.

produce writing with appropriate organization on a variety of topics, experiences, or events.

Construct grade appropriate oral and written claims and support them with reasoning and evidence.

express an opinion about a given topic or text.

supply a reason that supports the opinion and is based on more detailed textual evidence and relevant background knowledge.

use gradeappropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including adjectives, adverbs, and appropriate transition words.

provide a conclusion that summarizes the opinion presented

Adapt language choices to purpose, task, and audience when speaking and writing.

shift appropriately between informal “playground speech” and language appropriate to the classroom.

use grade appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including adjectives, adverbs, and appropriate transition words.

Participate in grade appropriate oral and written exchanges of information, ideas, and analyses, responding to peer, audience, or reader comments and questions.

participate in extended conversations and discussions about a variety of topics and texts.

participate in extended written exchanges about a variety of topics and texts.

express own ideas using the rules for discussion.

pose and respond to relevant questions about a variety of topics and texts.

build on the ideas of others.

Conduct research and evaluate and communicate findings to answer questions or solve problems.

gather information from print and digital provided resources to answer questions.

respond to a question or problem based on gathered information from multiple (personal experience, digital, and print) sources.

Analyze and critique the arguments of others orally and in writing.

explain how an author or speaker uses reasons and evidence to support or fail to support specific points.

ask and answer yes-no, either-or, and wh- questions in order to clarify what an author or speaker says.

use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases that signal spatial and temporal relationships.

Create clear and coherent grade-appropriate speech and text.

apply understanding of how text types are organized when writing and speaking in complex texts (e.g., how a story is organized sequentially versus how an informative text is organized by topic and details versus how an opinion text is organized by opinion and supporting reasons).

apply increasing understanding of how ideas, events, or reasons are linked throughout a text by using grade appropriate linking words and temporal words when writing and speaking.